Origins of the Roma Gypsies

The Gypsies have been a renowned group within Europe since the middle ages. Their distinctive lifestyle, arts, and language have set them apart and captivated the imagination. Yet where did these people come from and when? And what was the amazing journey that brought them to the far western shores of Europe? To support the channel and get ad-free videos, extra content, discussion, requests, etc, become a member of the channel on YouTube or on Patreon Patreon: fortressoflugh You can also send me a SUPER THANKS, which is greatly appreciated OR Paypal donations (Greatly appreciated) https://paypal.me/FortressofLug?count... You can find me on Facebook Facebook: FortressofLugh Website https://www.fortressoflugh.com/ Sources used for this video: Timothy of Constantinople, On the Reception of Heretics (De receptione haereticorum), c. 600–700 — early description of the Athinganoi. Theophanes the Confessor, Chronographia, early 9th century — Athinganoi in the Byzantine imperial context. Gregory II of Cyprus, Letter 117, late 13th century — later Byzantine reference to Athinganoi. Symon Semeonis, Itinerarium Symonis Semeonis, 1323 — the Irish Franciscan's account from Crete, one of the earliest plausible Western descriptions of Roma in Europe. Girolamo da Forlì / Girolamo Fiocchi, Chronicon Forliviense, 1422 — description of a travelling group at Forlì, including the report that some said they came from India. Anonymous Bologna Chronicle (Cronica di Bologna / Historia miscellanea bononiensis), 1422 — Duke Andrea and the group claiming origin in “Egypt.” Journal d’un bourgeois de Paris, 1427 — detailed account of the arrival outside Paris, including appearance, earrings, fortune-telling and their “Lower Egypt” origin story. Arnold von Harff, travel account, 1496–1499 — Roma settlement at Methoni/Modon, with smithing, shoemaking and other trades. Scottish royal records concerning John Faw, 1540–1553 — including the writ referring to him as “Lord and Earl of Little Egypt.” The Egyptians Act, England, 1530/31. Andrew Boorde, The Fyrst Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge, “Egipt speche,” mid-16th century — the earliest substantial recorded sample of Romani in Britain. Modern history, linguistics and genetics Angus Fraser, The Gypsies, 2nd ed., 1995. Elena Marushiakova & Vesselin Popov, Gypsies in the Ottoman Empire: A Contribution to the History of the Balkans, 2001. Yaron Matras, Romani: A Linguistic Introduction, 2002 — particularly useful for the Indo-Aryan core and Iranian, Armenian and Greek layers in Romani. Yaron Matras, The Romani Gypsies, 2015. Joshua Starr, “An Eastern Christian Sect: The Athinganoi,” Harvard Theological Review 29, 1936 — useful for the Athinganoi question; these sources should be treated as background rather than proof that the Athinganoi were Roma. Gresham et al., “Origins and Divergence of the Roma (Gypsies),” American Journal of Human Genetics 69, 2001. Mendizabal et al., “Reconstructing the Indian Origin and Dispersal of the European Roma: A Maternal Genetic Perspective,” PLoS ONE 6, 2011. Rai et al., “The Phylogeography of Y-Chromosome Haplogroup H1a1a-M82 Reveals the Likely Indian Origin of the European Romani Populations,” PLoS ONE 7, 2012. Moorjani et al., “Reconstructing Roma History from Genome-Wide Data,” PLoS ONE 8, 2013. Ena et al., “Population Genetics of the European Roma—A Review,” Genes 13, 2022. Featuring music by Adrian von Ziegler