KRAKATOA 1883: The Volcano That Killed at Forty Miles | Documentary Film

On the twenty-seventh of August, eighteen eighty-three, a volcanic island in the Sunda Strait produced the loudest sound ever recorded, killed approximately thirty-six thousand people in a single morning, and sent a pressure wave around the planet seven times. This is the documented record of the Krakatoa eruption — the first global catastrophe of the instrumental age, and a calibration point for what one mid-sized stratovolcano can still do to a connected world. CHAPTERS 00:00 The Loudest Sound in History 04:01 The First Warnings of May 1883 07:26 The Great Eruption Begins 08:28 The Pressure Wave Circles the Earth 10:03 The Royal Society and the Scientific Puzzle 13:21 Red Skies Across the World 16:04 The Global Cooling After the Eruption 18:04 Krakatoa and Munch's The Scream 19:21 The Four Explosions of Krakatoa 20:59 Sea, Magma, and the Mechanism of Catastrophe 22:05 A Pyroclastic Surge Across the Sea 24:47 The Tsunami and the Berouw in the Jungle 25:47 The Birth of Anak Krakatau 27:24 The Anak Krakatau Disaster of 2018 30:13 The First Catastrophe of the Instrumental Age 32:08 What a Comparable Eruption Would Mean Today PEER-REVIEWED SOURCES Self, S., & Rampino, M.R. (1981). The 1883 eruption of Krakatau. Nature, 294, 699–704. https://doi.org/10.1038/294699a0 Rampino, M.R., & Self, S. (1982). Historic eruptions of Tambora, Krakatau, and Agung, their stratospheric aerosols, and climatic impact. Quaternary Research, 18(2), 127–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)... Newhall, C.G., & Self, S. (1982). The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87(C2), 1231–1238. https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC02p01231 Yokoyama, I. (1981). A geophysical interpretation of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 9(4), 359–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(81)... Francis, P.W. (1985). The origin of the 1883 Krakatau tsunamis. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 25(3–4), 349–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)... Sigurdsson, H., Carey, S., Mandeville, C., & Bronto, S. (1991). Pyroclastic flows of the 1883 Krakatau eruption. Eos, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 72(36), 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1029/90EO00286 Mandeville, C.W., Carey, S., & Sigurdsson, H. (1996). Magma mixing, fractional crystallization and volatile degassing during the 1883 eruption of Krakatau volcano, Indonesia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 74(3–4), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(96... Robock, A. (2000). Volcanic eruptions and climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 38(2), 191–219. https://doi.org/10.1029/1998RG000054 Zerefos, C.S., Gerogiannis, V.T., Balis, D., Zerefos, S.C., & Kazantzidis, A. (2007). Atmospheric effects of volcanic eruptions as seen by famous artists and depicted in their paintings. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 7(15), 4027–4042. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-4027-2007 Walter, T.R., Haghighi, M.H., Schneider, F.M., et al. (2019). Complex hazard cascade culminating in the Anak Krakatau sector collapse. Nature Communications, 10, 4339. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12... Grilli, S.T., Tappin, D.R., Carey, S., et al. (2019). Modelling of the tsunami from the December 22, 2018 lateral collapse of Anak Krakatau volcano in the Sunda Straits, Indonesia. Scientific Reports, 9, 11946. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48... Williams, R., Rowley, P., & Garthwaite, M.C. (2019). Reconstructing the Anak Krakatau flank collapse that caused the December 2018 Indonesian tsunami. Geology, 47(10), 973–976. https://doi.org/10.1130/G46517.1 Symons, G.J. (Ed.). (1888). The Eruption of Krakatoa and Subsequent Phenomena. Royal Society of London. Trübner & Co. Verbeek, R.D.M. (1885). Krakatau. Batavia: Government Press.