تمدن باستانی اورارتو : میراثی برای مادها و هخامنشیان

Optional support for Deep Podcast: Patreon: deeppodcastiran Instagram: Instagram: deep.podcast Telegram Channel: Https://www.telegram.me/deeppodcast ــ music by @incompetech_kmac Kevin MacLeod Urartu (The Forgotten Civilization of Ancient Iran) Our source in this video is this book: Urartu by Boris Piotrovsky Urartu is the name of an ancient civilization in the Iron Age. The state of Urartu was formed from the unity and solidarity of the tribes and clans around Lake Van in modern-day Turkey. The geographical area of ​​this civilization was around Lake Urmia and Lake Van and the highlands of Armenia. According to Assyrian inscriptions, the first king of the Urartu kingdom was a person named Arme. Arme reigned between 880 and 844 BC. He subdued various tribes and founded the state of Urartu. For this reason, ancient inscriptions called Arme the King of Kings. According to some historians, modern Armenia takes its name from Arme. Arme was a contemporary of Assyrian king Ashurnasir Pal II. This king was terrified of the rise of Urartu. For this reason, in 866 BC, he directly attacked the territory of Urartu and even took parts of Diyarbakir from the Urartu. After Ashurnasir Pal II, his son Shalmaneser III became the king of the Assyrian state. Shalmaneser continued his father's conquests. Shalmaneser III attacked Urartu in 857 BC and reached the vicinity of the capital, the city of Arzashku. When Arme saw the city surrounded by the enemy, he fled and took refuge on Mount Aladag. Shalmaneser entered Arzashku without any interference and set the capital on fire. In order to prove his victory to everyone, he erected a statue of himself near Mount Aladag. Intoxicated by these victories, he went with his army to the vicinity of Lake Van and then set off towards Lake Urmia. He passed through the Salmas region and after suppressing the emirs of that region and plundering the people's property, he returned to his own country. The Conquest of Urartu After Arme, Sharduri I became the king of Urartu. Many believe that this is the founder of the Urartu Empire. Because the laws and order of Urartu are formed from the time of Sharduri. During the time of Sharduri, the king of Assyria was still Shalmaneser III. Shalmaneser attacked Urartu once again, but it is clear from the inscriptions that this attack was unsuccessful. In the previous attack, the capital of Urartu, Arzashku, had been destroyed by the Assyrians, so Sherduri changed the capital to a city called Tushpa. The city of Tushpa remained the capital of this empire until the end of the Urartu rule. According to many experts, Tushpa is the city of Van in modern-day Turkey. When Shalmaneser failed to conquer Urartu, he decided to attack the borders around Assyria. Shalmaneser attacked Salmas and around Lake Urmia. He achieved some successes in this war. The kings of this region fled, and Shalmaneser began to plunder the property of those regions with ease, but no matter what he did, he could not unite the people of these regions with him, for this reason the people and officials of these regions became closer to the Urartians and cut off their relations with the Assyrians. The actions taken by Shalmaneser failed to inflict a serious blow on the Urartians. After Sharduri I, his son and grandson became kings. The government was run by two people named Ishpuini and Menua. These two people were father and son. It was during the time of these two kings that the borders of the Urartian kingdom expanded and continued from the south to near Assyria and from the north to northern Armenia. The Urartians used cuneiform in the years 800-700 BC. They had their own language. At first, they wrote their tablets in Assyrian cuneiform, but later they created a separate cuneiform. The Urartian language is a separate language and is considered one of the lost languages ​​​​in the Caucasus region. According to scientists, the closest modern language to the Urartian language is the language of the Georgian people. Urartu was more than an empire or a kingdom, it was a civilization. A civilization during the Iron Age. A civilization that stretched from Lake Urmia to the eastern regions of modern Turkey. The Urartians ruled between 860 and 600 BC. The Urartian civilization had a great influence on great empires such as the Medes and Achaemenids. But Urartu was more than a kingdom, it was a great civilization. The people of Urartu were masters of their time in digging aqueducts and digging lakes and hand pools. This irrigation method was very modern and practical at that time. In later years, a similar method was also used in the Median and Achaemenid empires, which was most likely influenced by the Urartian era. The Urartians were also famous for their architecture and iron mining. Today, in Pasargadae and Persepolis, we can see the influence of Urartian architecture on the Median and Achaemenid empires. The newly formed Medes formed an alliance with ...