Wierzenia słowiańskie - jak rekonstruować zatartą religię? | dr Paweł Szczepanik

📖 Discover our publishing house: https://radionaukowe.pl/wydawnictwo 📚 Convenient book shopping: https://wydawnictwoRN.pl. Use the discount code for audiobooks: sluchamRN 👉 Become a Patron: https://patronite.pl/radionaukowe 👉 Make a one-time donation: https://suppi.pl/radionaukowe 🎧 Listen on streaming: https://ffm.bio/radionaukowe 🔔 Subscribe: https://youtube.com/@RadioNaukowe?sub... 🌐 Website: https://radionaukowe.pl 👍 Facebook: Facebook: RadioNaukowe 📷 Instagram: Instagram: radionaukowe ❌ Twitter: Twitter: RadioNaukowe 🎓 Visit LAMU: @letniaakademiamlodychumyslow 📩 Contact: [email protected] The ancient Slavs did not know the category of sin, and In their vision, the afterlife—though located across the water—was not far away. The dead often returned, and efforts were made to care for them, feed them, and keep them warm. An empty plate on Christmas Eve was precisely for them. In this episode, I speak with Dr. Paweł Szczepanik from the Institute of Archaeology of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń about the beliefs of the ancient Slavs, the difficulties of reconstructing them, and their intertwining with Christianity. We know that Perun existed, a lightning-wielding, atmospheric god, omniscient, and important to rulers and elites (warriors swore by him in preserved legal records from Kiev). He was likely worshiped throughout Slavic lands, though under various names, such as Sviatovit. There was also his adversary, Veles, ruler of the afterlife and magic, but also a god of prosperity, cattle, and gold—one of his incarnations or variants was Trzygłów, who was especially worshiped in Szczecin and Wolin. The antagonists had to work together when the world was created. Together, they sailed a boat across endless waters, and the world was created from the earth at the bottom, which Veles had dived for. He tried to deceive Perun, but he failed. The story continued for generations, modified as a collaboration between God and the devil (there was also, for example, a cosmogonic myth about the world emerging from a cosmic egg). Perun and Veles are perhaps the most well-known Slavic deities. But a detailed reconstruction of the ancient religion of communities that left no original written sources is extremely difficult. Not many external descriptions have survived. In our region, they are literally isolated records. "We could call them circumstantial rather than hard chronicle descriptions in the style of ethnographic descriptions," my guest points out. The second source is archaeology, whose resources are fortunately growing. Archaeologists are still searching for the Proto-Slavic temples, the descriptions of which we know from chronicles. Such Grails of Slavic archaeology include the temple in Arkona (probably at the bottom of the Baltic Sea), Radogoszcz (where the location is disputed), and the temple of Vladimir of Kiev (the least certain, more likely traces of statues on a hill than an actual temple). The third source is ethnographic research and the extraction of preserved pre-Christian beliefs from folk culture. All this, however, requires interpretation, and these, as is often the case, can generate controversy. It seems certain, however, that the category of sin was unknown, and the sometimes quite malicious Veles was eagerly worshipped. "Ethical categories like good and evil are characteristic of our Christian view of reality," emphasizes Dr. Szczepanik. Veles brought knowledge and wealth to believers. The deeper we go, the less we know. The Slavs must have had a complex vision of the afterlife and some form of connection with the dead, as evidenced by the artifacts discovered at burials. Little is known about the structure of the relationships between the deities: who was whose husband or son (linguists are more helpful here!). We are not sure whether the mysterious (or mysterious?) Nyja is an independent deity or rather a taboo emanation of Veles, or whether there was a belief in the divine twins Lel and Polel. In this conversation, you will hear about all these complexities, as well as why Saint George was the patron saint of the church on Lech Hill in Gniezno (bowing to Perun), what arguments there are regarding the authenticity or otherwise of the famous idol from Zbruch, and which elements of Slavic beliefs have survived to this day. WE RECOMMEND OTHER MATERIALS: Radio Naukowe - Wszystkie odcinki Fizyka Biologia 00:00 - 01:32 Introduction 01:32 - 11:02 Where do we get information about the beliefs of ancient Slavs? 11:02 AM - 7:53 PM Ancient Slavic Temples 7:53 PM - 48:56 PM Ethnographic Sources and Slavic Deities 48:56 PM - 53:57 AM Slavic Pantheon - Were the Deities Related? 53:57 AM - 1:09:05 AM What Happened to the Statues? 1:09:05 AM - 1:20:20...