Is the Trinity Really in the Bible?

Links Mentioned in this Episode: https://www.bartehrman.com/eyeofaneedle - ""Through the Eye of a Needle: Jesus’s Teachings on Wealth and Their Modern Relevance"" is an 8-lesson course by Dr. Bart Ehrman, examining Jesus’s teachings on wealth in their proper historical, cultural, and religious context. Join the live recording this weekend – May 16th and 17th. Episode Outline: 00:00 – Introducing the Trinity and whether it is in the Bible 00:47 – How Christians are often taught to understand the Trinity 02:31 – What the doctrine of the Trinity actually means 04:22 – Competing views: Arianism, modalism, and three Gods 07:25 – Did the historical Jesus believe in the Trinity? 08:30 – Jesus, divinity, and the Gospel of John 15:09 – First John 5:7–8 and the famous Trinity passage 20:10 – Why the Trinity is interpreted from scattered passages 23:03 – Verses that complicate the doctrine of the Trinity 27:00 – How Christian theologians developed the doctrine over time Episode Description In Episode 186 of "Misquoting Jesus with Bart Ehrman," Megan Lewis shines a spotlight on the doctrine of the Trinity—a theological cornerstone for millions of Christians today. But is this concept of "one God in three persons" actually rooted in the Bible, or is it the product of centuries of theological development and debate? Exploring the Trinity: Where Did It Come From? The conversation begins with personal reflections on how the Trinity was introduced during formative years, and why most believers simply absorb this complex doctrine without much critical examination. Megan Lewis discusses popular analogies (like the "water: liquid, gas, solid" analogy) and their theological shortcomings when it comes to grasping the true meaning of the Trinity 01:38. The episode unpacks exactly what the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity claims: not just that there is a Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, but that all three are distinct, co-equal, co-eternal persons, yet only one God in substance 03:26. The complexity and seeming illogical nature of this doctrine is explored with humor and candor, as is the ongoing struggle to explain or teach it clearly. Competing Early Christian Views Before the established doctrine, early Christians debated radically different understandings about Jesus, God, and the Spirit. Modalists, Arians, and others each proposed their own frameworks—sometimes imagining three gods, sometimes relegating Christ and the Holy Spirit to subordinate roles, and sometimes viewing God as expressing himself through different "modes" rather than distinct persons 05:18. How Did the Doctrine Evolve? The episode follows how, over centuries, the early Christian understanding of Jesus grew from seeing him as a prophet or Messiah, to a divine Son adopted at resurrection, to pre-existent divine Word, to ultimately being considered fully God and, with the Spirit, forming a triune deity—culminating in the formal doctrine finalized in the 4th century 27:30. The process, as explained, is not driven by clear biblical statements but by theological reflection on what scripture seems to demand. 3 Key Takeaways The Bible Does Not Explicitly Contain the Doctrine of the Trinity. While the New Testament affirms the divinity of Father, Son, and (to some extent) the Spirit, the formal doctrine of three co-equal, co-eternal persons in one God is not directly taught anywhere in scripture. The "Trinitarian Formula" in 1 John 5:7–8 is a Later Addition. This verse—found in the King James Bible and cited for centuries as "proof"—was added to the Greek text more than 1,400 years after the original composition, and is not in the earliest manuscripts. Christian Doctrine Developed Over Time. Beliefs about Jesus' and the Spirit's divinity evolved substantially from Jesus’ own teachings through early Christian communities to the formal Church councils centuries later. Key Points Many Christians absorb the Trinity doctrine without deep theological reflection, simply because it's what they've always been taught. Popular analogies for the Trinity (like water as liquid, ice, steam) actually illustrate older, non-orthodox positions like Modalism, not the classic doctrine. Competing early Christian views existed: some saw Jesus and the Spirit as subordinate to the Father, others as different "modes" of the one God. Orthodox Trinitarian doctrine asserts three persons (Father, Son, Spirit), each fully and equally God, distinct yet of one substance. Also watch these episodes: Where Did the Trinity Come From? Where Did the Trinity Come From? Did Jesus’ Disciples Think He Was God? Did Jesus’ Disciples Think He Was God? John, the Maverick Gospel John the Maverick Gospel #Trinity #HolySpirit #JesusIsGod #GospelOfJohn #NewTestament #ChristianTheology #BiblicalStudies #EarlyChristianity